Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE) is a condition where inflammation in the esophagus causes difficulty swallowing and discomfort. For individuals with EoE, managing their diet plays a crucial role in preventing flare-ups. When combined with biologic treatments, which are designed to reduce inflammation, diet can have an even greater impact. Certain foods can trigger or worsen symptoms, so it’s essential for EoE patients on biologics to be mindful of what they eat. Here are some key foods to avoid.
Dairy Products
Dairy products are a common trigger for EoE patients. Milk, cheese, and yogurt can cause allergic reactions in some individuals, leading to inflammation in the esophagus. Even though biologics may reduce inflammation, it’s best to avoid dairy or opt for dairy-free alternatives like almond milk or lactose-free options to minimize irritation.
Gluten-Containing Foods
Gluten, found in wheat, barley, and rye, is another food that can exacerbate EoE symptoms. For patients on biologics, even small amounts of gluten can cause the eosinophils in the esophagus to flare up. Avoiding bread, pasta, and other products containing gluten can help prevent unnecessary discomfort and inflammation.
Processed Meats
Processed meats, such as sausages, hot dogs, and deli meats, often contain additives and preservatives that may irritate the esophagus. These foods can increase the chances of triggering symptoms like difficulty swallowing or chest pain. Instead, opt for fresh, unprocessed meats to reduce irritation.
Nuts and Seeds
Nuts and seeds, including peanuts, almonds, and sunflower seeds, are known to be challenging for some people with EoE to digest. Their texture can scratch the esophagus and lead to discomfort or worsening inflammation. It’s often best to avoid nuts and seeds or consult with a healthcare provider about safe options.
Spicy Foods
Spicy foods, such as hot peppers, chili, or spicy sauces, can irritate the lining of the esophagus, especially for those already dealing with EoE. These foods can increase inflammation and cause a burning sensation in the chest or throat, making it more difficult to swallow. If you’re prone to flare-ups, it’s best to limit or eliminate spicy foods from your diet.
Acidic Foods
Acidic foods like citrus fruits (lemons, oranges), tomatoes, and vinegar can increase the acidity in the esophagus, causing further irritation. Although biologics can help manage inflammation, avoiding these foods can prevent additional discomfort, especially during flare-ups.
Fried and Greasy Foods
Fried and greasy foods can be heavy on the digestive system, which may exacerbate symptoms of EoE. These foods can slow down digestion, making it more difficult for the body to process food effectively. It’s helpful to choose lighter, healthier cooking methods, such as baking or grilling, to reduce the strain on the esophagus.
Artificial Sweeteners
Some EoE patients may experience a reaction to artificial sweeteners, which can trigger symptoms like bloating and discomfort. These sweeteners are often found in sugar-free gum, soft drinks, and processed foods. It’s a good idea to check labels and avoid products containing artificial sweeteners to minimize irritation.
For EoE patients on biologics, dietary management is essential in maintaining a comfortable, healthy lifestyle. While biologics work to reduce inflammation, avoiding known food triggers can prevent flare-ups and enhance the effectiveness of treatment. If you’re unsure about specific foods or dietary changes, it’s always helpful to consult with a healthcare provider or nutritionist.