Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive lung condition that makes it difficult to breathe. People with COPD can experience flare-ups, or sudden worsening of symptoms, which may require immediate attention. Spotting the early signs of an acute flare-up can help you manage your condition better and seek medical help if needed. Here are some common signs to watch out for.
Increased Shortness of Breath
One of the earliest signs of a flare-up in COPD is a noticeable increase in shortness of breath. People with COPD may find it harder to breathe, even during activities that are usually easy. If you feel more winded than usual or find it difficult to catch your breath, it may signal a flare-up. This can happen unexpectedly and often worsens over a short period of time.
Worsening Cough
A persistent cough is a common symptom of COPD, but during a flare-up, this cough may become more intense. You may notice that your cough becomes more frequent, or it may produce more mucus or phlegm than usual. The mucus may also change in color, becoming thicker or darker, which could indicate an infection.
Changes in Sputum
Sputum, or mucus, is often a concern for those with COPD. During a flare-up, the amount and appearance of sputum can change. You may produce more mucus than usual, and it may be yellow, green, or even blood-tinged. This change in sputum could indicate an infection, such as a chest infection, which requires medical attention.
Increased Fatigue
During a COPD flare-up, you may feel more tired than usual. Simple activities like walking or climbing stairs may leave you feeling exhausted. This increased fatigue occurs because your body is working harder to get oxygen due to reduced lung function. If you notice that you’re feeling more fatigued or sluggish than normal, it could be a sign of a flare-up.
Wheezing or Tightness in the Chest
Wheezing is a high-pitched sound that occurs when breathing and is often a sign of airway narrowing or inflammation. During a flare-up, you may notice more wheezing or a feeling of tightness in your chest. This occurs because the airways are becoming more obstructed, making it harder for air to move in and out of the lungs.
Difficulty Sleeping
COPD flare-ups can interfere with your ability to sleep. As your breathing becomes more difficult, you may find it harder to get comfortable at night. Waking up frequently due to shortness of breath or coughing can result in poor-quality sleep, which can worsen the symptoms of a flare-up.
Swelling in the Legs or Ankles
When the heart and lungs are struggling, fluid can accumulate in the lower extremities, causing swelling in the legs or ankles. This is a common symptom during an acute COPD flare-up and may indicate that your body is not getting enough oxygen or that your heart is struggling to pump blood effectively.
Increased Use of Rescue Inhalers
People with COPD often use rescue inhalers to relieve sudden symptoms. If you find that you are using your rescue inhaler more frequently during the day or night, it could be a sign of a flare-up. This may indicate that your regular medications are no longer effectively managing your symptoms, and additional treatment may be necessary.
Spotting the early signs of a COPD flare-up can make a big difference in managing the condition. If you notice any of these symptoms, it’s important to contact your healthcare provider right away. Timely treatment can help prevent complications and improve your ability to manage COPD.