Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE) is a condition where a certain type of white blood cell, called eosinophils, builds up in the esophagus. The esophagus is the tube that connects the mouth to the stomach. This build-up causes inflammation and can lead to a variety of symptoms. EoE is becoming more recognized, but many people are still unaware of what it is and how it affects the body.
Common Symptoms of Eosinophilic Esophagitis
People with EoE may experience a range of symptoms, which can vary from person to person. One of the most common signs is difficulty swallowing, often feeling like food gets stuck in the throat or chest. This is called dysphagia. Another frequent symptom is chest pain or discomfort that doesn’t have a clear cause. Sometimes, people may experience heartburn or acid reflux that doesn’t respond to typical treatments. In children, EoE can cause poor growth or difficulty feeding. Other symptoms might include nausea or vomiting, especially after meals.
What Causes Eosinophilic Esophagitis?
The exact cause of EoE is still not fully understood, but it’s believed to be linked to allergies. EoE occurs when the immune system overreacts to certain foods or environmental triggers, such as pollen or pet dander. In response, eosinophils flood the esophagus, causing inflammation. This can lead to symptoms of discomfort and swallowing difficulties. Certain foods like dairy, wheat, and eggs are known to be more likely to cause this reaction.
Genetic Factors and Environmental Triggers
Genetics may also play a role in developing EoE. If someone in your family has EoE or other allergic conditions like asthma or eczema, you may be more likely to develop it. Environmental factors, like exposure to allergens or certain foods at a young age, might also increase the risk.
Diagnosing Eosinophilic Esophagitis
If you experience symptoms of EoE, it’s important to see a doctor. A healthcare provider will often perform tests like an endoscopy to look at the esophagus and take a biopsy. This helps identify the presence of eosinophils and confirms the diagnosis.
Treating Eosinophilic Esophagitis
There is no one-size-fits-all treatment for EoE, but it can be managed. Treatment often includes dietary changes to avoid trigger foods, medications to reduce inflammation, and sometimes procedures like dilation to help with swallowing difficulties. Working closely with a healthcare provider is crucial for managing the condition effectively.
Understanding EoE can help individuals recognize the signs early and seek the proper treatment. By addressing the symptoms and causes, people with EoE can lead healthier lives.